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Q
Assume I've read another
writer's spec script online or
in a writers' group, and let's
say the setup is good but I come up
with a much better execution. At
what point are we entering the
realm of copyright infringement?
How much different does my script
have to be?
-- Simone Linke, Dresden, Germany
A
A general rule of copyrights is that
ideas cannot be copyrighted. Thus,
it's critical to figure out if the origi-
nal "setup" is just an idea or whether it is
sufficiently infused with creativity to be de-
serving of copyright protection.
Let's assume the original setup is indeed
protected under copyright laws and let's
also assume that you draw from and expand
on the original setup. Would you be in-
fringing on the original creator's copyright
in such an instance?
This is a loaded question and the answer
will depend heavily on the facts. To keep
things simple, however, the scenario causes
concern because (1) there was access to the
original work, and (2) it's likely that por-
tions of the original work are substantially
similar
to the new work. (Note: "Substan-
tial similarity" is determined by comparing
the two works' plots, themes, dialogue,
mood, setting, pace, characters, sequence of
events, etc.)
There is no exact formula for how differ-
ent two works must be to avoid liability, so
it's always best to consult an expert who can
compare them.
Finally, please note that U.S. copyright
law may be significantly different from Ger-
man copyright law so be mindful of this
fact and make sure you seek appropriate ad-
vice in your jurisdiction.
Q
How is the value of a
screenplay determined?
-- Warren A. Shuman,
North Miami Beach, Florida
A
This is an excellent question and I
wish I had a clear answer. The
value of a screenplay depends on
many different factors. The biggest is the
track record of the writer, although the
strength and appeal of the idea is a huge
factor as well. Is it for indie release or is it
supposed to be a blockbuster action
movie? Are brand name stars or directors
attached? Is the screenplay sought after so
much that a bidding war to acquire it oc-
curs? These and similar factors drive the
value of a screenplay.
Q
How can I prevent my story
idea from being stolen?
-- Anonymous, Beverly Hills, California
A
Please note that a general rule of
copyright law is that you cannot
copyright an idea. Thus, if you reg-
ister your material with the U.S. Copyright
Office and/or with the WGA, you should
write an outline or treatment of the story
idea and include as much detail as possi-
ble so that your submission becomes more
than just an idea.
Additionally, before sharing your story
idea with people, you could ask them to
sign a non-disclosure agreement. In reality,
however, anyone worth sharing your idea
with is not only unlikely to sign this but
they will also request that you sign their
Submission Agreement, which is filled
with crafty language that protects them
and not you.
In short, it's very difficult to prevent
theft of an idea unless you never share it.
But as mentioned above, you can take cer-
tain steps to protect your idea and dissuade
theft. Also, it is of utmost importance that
you deal with parties who are reputable.
Q
If I wanted to use only a sam-
pling of an artist's music in a
scene in my script (because I
wanted to write my own lyrics to fit
the scene), do I still need to contact
whoever has the copyright and/or
the lyricist to that particular song?
-- Leslie, Houston, Texas
A
In most instances, you must seek a
license from the owner of the copy-
right in order to use the sample. It
is very rare that you can use a sample from
another artist without permission unless
the work is in the public domain, which
happens once a work is no longer copyright
protected. In some rare instances, you can
also use the work under a legal doctrine
known as "fair use," which typically refers
to uses that are newsworthy, satirical or ed-
ucational. Be careful, though, as it is always
tricky to rely on the fair use doctrine be-
cause lawyers are good at arguing that it
doesn't apply.
Have a legal question?
Submit it for consideration at
http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/NGKGKDT
Ruvin M. Spivak is a California-licensed
entertainment attorney based in Holly-
wood. He represents clients in the film, tel-
evision, music, online and new media
industries. He is also the impresario for a
prominent European tenor and a lover of
great art. You can follow Mr. Spivak on
Twitter (@gRuvinLaw). Comments, ques-
tions and challenges are encouraged.
Please send your feedback to
Contact@RuvinLaw.com.
DISCLAIMER: The foregoing content is
only the opinion of the author provided
for informational/educational purposes.
It does not constitute legal advice nor
does your use of the content form the
basis for an attorney-client relationship.
No representation is made as to the con-
tent's accuracy. This information is not
an advertisement. In short, please seek
the advice of legal counsel before mak-
ing any decisions related to the informa-
tion contained herein. The author will
not compensate you in any way should
you suffer a loss/inconvenience/damage
because of/while making use of the
above information.
egal
BRIEFINGS
BY
RUVIN M. SPIVAK
58
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creativescreenwriting January/February 2011